Analysis And Suggestion On Influencing Factors Of Cotton Quality In China In 2011/2012

Considering the situation of all regions, the impact of the current year

The factors of quality change include natural condition, policy influence, market situation, production link and so on.

Natural condition

The climatic characteristics of the location and the annual climate change are the decisive factors affecting the quality fluctuation of cotton.

During the cotton growing period this year, the meteorological conditions at most main periods were basically favorable for cotton growth and yield formation, and the growth of cotton was obviously better than that of the previous year. The growth of cotton in the middle and later stages was less and the precipitation in some areas was too high, and the quality and yield of cotton were affected.

The weather conditions in the northwest inland cotton region are good, and the cotton growing period is normal. Although the the Yellow River River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin cotton area have low temperature, rainy and light weather, the overall quality of cotton in the whole country is still better than that of the previous year because of the better foundation and better weather in the late period.

1. northwest inland cotton area.

Except for the short time adverse weather in some parts of the northwestern part of the country, the whole climate of the northwest inland area is suitable for the whole climate. There is no major disastrous weather. The photo thermal condition is good and the accumulated temperature is adequate. The cotton growth is more mature and finer than that of last year, and the grade and breaking strength are better than that of last year, especially the grade rises obviously. However, in most parts of the country, due to the excessive growth of cotton, the amplitude of the rise of the micron value exceeds the normal range, and the maturity is not as good as that of the previous year. At the same time, the length is generally less than that of the previous year because of the increase in fineness.

Gansu cotton is mainly produced in Hexi Corridor, with good light and heat conditions and sufficient accumulated temperature during the whole growth period. The unfavorable weather at short time did not cause much impact on cotton quality. Cotton grade and length uniformity index were better than last year. Micron value increased moderately and maturity was better than last year. However, the warm dry climate also resulted in a decrease in length and fracture strength compared with last year.

The general grade of Xinjiang cotton decreased year-on-year, the length and the micron value level decreased, while the breaking strength increased to a certain extent, but still less than that of the mainland cotton production.

Because of the differences in geographical location and climate, the cotton quality changes in different states show different characteristics and have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Most areas in southern Xinjiang are characterized by high temperature, less rainfall, and plenty of light. The boll opening period is earlier than that in the northern Xinjiang. Hail and gale weather occur in some cotton producing counties and cities in Akesu, Kashi and Bazhou.

In addition to the relatively small change in Bazhou, the grade of cotton production in other prefectures increased by a year earlier than that in the northern Xinjiang and the eastern Xinjiang. Only the length of cotton production in Alar City did not decline. Although the degree of maturity of cotton production in all prefectures was relatively low, the rise of the Micronian value was still higher than the normal range. The cotton maturing moderately decreased significantly compared with the previous year. Only the cotton production in Hotan increased from maturity to maturity, and the maturity was better than that of last year.

Compared with the southern Xinjiang cotton, the growth rate of the cotton breaking ratio in Northern Xinjiang increased considerably, and the grade of the cotton bolls increased slightly. The length uniformity index did not drop and rise, and the difference between the cotton and the South Xinjiang cotton decreased. The variation of the micron value level was quite similar to that of the southern Xinjiang, and the length decreased significantly compared with that of the southern Xinjiang.

北疆各地州中，昌吉州、塔城地区、奎屯市和石河子市的长度与上年相当，五家渠市、博州和伊犁州除塔城地区以外的其他地区长度同比下降幅度偏大;伊犁州除奎屯市和塔城地区以外的其他地区长度整齐度指数同比明显下降，其他地州产棉的长度整齐度指数与上年相当或有不同程度的提高;除五家渠市、塔城地区产棉的断裂比强度与上年相当外，其他地州均有不同程度的上升，其中石河子市断裂比强度同比上升幅度为全疆最高;除五家渠市、昌吉州产棉的成熟情况与上年大体相当外，其他地州成熟情况均不及上年，其中博州产棉的成熟情况同上年相比差距最为明显;大部分地州品级较上年有所提高，伊犁州除奎屯市和塔城地球仪以外的其他地区、博州的品级情况与上年相当。

Because of the high temperature, less rainfall and sufficient light, the quality change of cotton production in Turpan and Hami regions is obviously different due to the difference of topography.

Compared with the cotton production in Hami area, the cotton production grade in Turpan area increased a little in the same period last year, and the length decreased significantly compared with the same period. The cotton length uniformity index and the fracture strength in Hami area increased year by year, while the length uniformity index and the breaking strength ratio of the cotton production in Turpan area decreased significantly; in the case of the overall cotton micron value increased and the maturity increased in the East Xinjiang cotton, the cotton production in Turpan increased from maturity to maturity, and the maturity was better than that of the previous year, while the cotton production in Hami appeared seriously over mature, and the maturity situation was the last in all prefectures.

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2. the Yangtze River valley cotton area.

The adverse effects of this year's climate in the Yangtze River Basin are mainly manifested in spring, summer and even drought, droughts and floods. During rainy and rainy weather, the weather is prominent. Cotton fields such as southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui, southeastern Hubei, northeast Jiangxi and northwest Hunan appear heavy rainfall. Some of the farmland has accumulated water. During the boll opening period, there are severe rainfall, cooling and windy weather in some cotton areas, resulting in late development of cotton.

The quality of cotton in the basin is generally better than that of last year, and other indicators are quite different.

湖北棉和安徽棉除受吐絮期阶段性低温阴雨寡照天气的影响、长度较上年略有下降外，整体质量较上年上升，其中安徽棉上升幅度较大;湖南棉受天气的不利影响较小，成熟情况好于上年，各项质量指标都有明显提高;江苏棉生育期间先后遭遇干旱、连续阴雨及低温寡照等不利天气影响，棉花长势较差，长度、长度整齐度指数有所下降，断裂比强度下降幅度明显，同时由于过度成熟的棉花减少，成熟情况反而好于上年;江西棉生育期间以晴好天气为主，积温充足，长度较上年增加，长度整齐度指数、断裂比强度和品级提高幅度明显，但过度成熟的棉花大量增加，成熟情况反而远不及上年;河南省南阳地区产棉受连阴雨、持续低温、光照不足及大风等天气影响，长度、长度整齐度指数、断裂比强度均出现明显下降，同时马克隆值过高和过低的棉花减少、马克隆值适中的棉

Flowers increase and maturity is better than last year.

3. the Yellow River basin cotton area.

The adverse effects of this year's climate in the the Yellow River River Basin are mainly manifested in the following periods: continuous low temperature, rain, and light weather in most parts of the river during the boll opening period, which is not conducive to the cracking, bolting and drying of cotton, and the occurrence of yellow peach and rotten peach in some areas. At the same time, rain and rain also aggravate the occurrence of Fusarium wilt, and the yield and quality of cotton are affected, and the length and length uniformity index is less than that of last year.

The micron value of the real estate cotton in the catchment decreased from high to moderate, and the maturity was generally better than that of the previous year. The grade of the cotton increased generally year-on-year. The cotton production in Shandong cotton and the adjacent Eastern Henan Province was accelerated due to the fine weather and cotton bolting, and the length of the cotton growing in Shandong increased year by year, while the length uniformity index decreased slightly. The breaking strength of the cotton production in East Henan was similar to that of the previous year, and the length uniformity index did not rise or fall. The cotton and Tianjin cotton situation in Hebei were similar, showing that the length and length uniformity index decreased, and the fracture strength ratio increased.

Policy implications

1. temporary collection and storage policy.

In 2011, the state set up a temporary storage and storage system for cotton. Considering the factors such as the balance of grain and cotton production, the supply of cotton and the input of cotton production, the price of cotton temporary storage and storage in the main cotton producing areas was rationally formulated. The cotton prices were effectively reduced and the cotton sale was avoided. At the same time, the link between the price of lint and the seed cotton price protected the interests of cotton farmers, maintained the stability of the market, and played a good role in regulating the market.

According to the state's collection and storage of cotton grades are 1 to 4, the length is 27 millimeters (or more), and the micron value is the quality requirement of class A, B or C grade C2 files. The new cotton system in China meets about 22 million 530 thousand packages of 5 million 90 thousand tons, accounting for 92% of the total amount, and the actual storage capacity is 3 million 300 thousand tons, accounting for 60% of the total.

The temporary purchase and storage policy of cotton not only achieves the expected regulation function, but also raises the quality requirement of cotton by promoting the quality of cotton storage and storage.

The processing enterprises actively cooperate with the cotton quality inspection system in order to save the stock as soon as possible. In accordance with the requirements of the reform of the quality inspection system, the acquisition and processing of cotton are carried out. The quality of the processing is taken seriously. The quality management is generally strengthened, the quality loss of the cotton processing links is reduced, and the quality of the cotton is protected.

2. other policies.

Xinjiang is the largest cotton producing province in China and the traditional high quality cotton producing area. However, the geographical location and pportation conditions constitute a great constraint on cotton internal pportation. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of tearing bar code and different lines of goods in pportation has brought instability factors to cotton quality.

In 2011, the Xinjiang Railway Department issued a support policy for the new system cotton, prompting the processing enterprises and circulation enterprises to standardize their management behavior, and through the railway pport to the mainland cotton to tear down the barcode, the quality violation phenomenon of the goods license did not go together, basically eliminated, protected the cotton quality, and played a positive role in stabilizing the quality of cotton in Xinjiang and the whole country.

3. market situation.

In 2011, the cotton industry showed the characteristics of cost increase, output increase, price reduction and profit reduction.

Driven by the double rise in the cost of petroleum chemicals and labor, the cost of cotton production has generally risen, and the growth of cotton yarn and cotton cloth has dropped sharply.

Consumption showed a "price increase" situation, while domestic cotton production and cotton imports increased substantially, and the price of new cotton went up and down.

Under such a market situation, the cotton quality is mainly reflected in the following aspects: {page_break}

First, processing enterprises generally strengthen quality management.

In the overall downturn of domestic cotton demand and market prices, state purchasing and storage become the best choice for enterprises.

In order to meet the quality requirements of State purchasing and storage, processing enterprises have generally strengthened quality management, standardized production and operation, relatively strict checks on acquisition, and generally controlled cotton regain in the normal range.

However, in order to complete the paction and return the funds as soon as possible, the process parameters were adjusted and the processing speed was improved. Especially in the northwest inland, the quality loss of cotton during processing, especially the loss of cotton fiber length, increased.

Two, the situation of seed cotton circulation has increased the quality risk.

Because the market price is much lower than the previous year, and the market outlook is still low, the cotton farmers in the the Yellow River River Basin are more reluctant to sell and have the tradition of keeping cotton. After picking cotton seeds, they sell for the best price, and they are not stored in the storage process, which leads to the mixing of early picked cotton seeds and later picked cotton seeds. The cotton quality indicators such as the micronn value are quite different, and the uniformity of cotton quality is artificially reduced, and the spinnability of cotton is reduced.

The cotton farmers in the Yangtze River Valley and the northwest inland do not have the habit of storing cotton, and are worried that the price will continue to fall in the late period, and the picking and selling progress will be faster. However, the method of instant picking and selling in some areas will not stop even in rainy weather.

In addition, there are cross area cotton seed purchase cases in some areas, which further affect the consistency of cotton quality.

Three, the settlement system remains to be improved.

Under the current cotton price settlement system, the price difference between high and medium grade cotton is relatively small, the price difference between middle and low grade cotton is too large, and the income of grading and grading sale is not as good as that of mixed mixed grade sale. The cotton with good quality can not show superiority through high quality and high price, which makes cotton flower operators lack the power of grading and grading, and the phenomenon of flower purchase and mixed grade processing still exists.

Affected by the policy of collecting and storing, the situation of mixed mixed grade in 2011/2012 has improved significantly compared with the previous years. However, if the settlement system is not further improved, the mixed mixed grade problem will not be fundamentally solved.

4. production links.

The difference in cotton production links is an important factor affecting the quality of cotton in different regions and the quality difference between the same areas.

First, the complexity of varieties restricts the spinnability of cotton.

There are many varieties of cotton in China, but few outstanding ones are outstanding. The area of individual varieties is small, and the dominant varieties are not outstanding. Only a small number of varieties have a larger area of popularization, and the speed of variety changes is very fast, which is not conducive to maintaining the quality of cotton.

When cotton growers choose cotton varieties, they choose cotton varieties with high yield and low quality, or are affected by the settlement system. When they choose seeds, they only pay attention to the color and neglect the intrinsic quality, resulting in the overall spinnability of the cotton is not high.

Two, the level of production needs to be improved.

On the one hand, the cotton production in the the Yellow River River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin is dominated by small households and scattered. The cotton production is low in concentration, small in scale and low in planting level. Most of the employees are of good quality and poor quality, with low specialization and poor sense of management and quality. A few have quality consciousness but do not have corresponding capabilities, and production management tends to be extensive. On the other hand, there has not been a big breakthrough in the regionalization, standardized production and mechanization of the inland areas of Northwest China. In this year, labor costs have risen sharply and shortages are more severe than in previous years.

Three, the quality of cotton caused by different picking and processing methods is different.

This year, there are about 1 million 646 thousand charter flights in Xinjiang. Almost all of them are cotton production, accounting for 28% of the cotton production. About 74% of them are produced in the northern Xinjiang, 24% from southern Xinjiang and 2% from the eastern Xinjiang.

同传统的手摘棉相比，机采棉的生产和加工工艺对质量的影响表现在：首先，农田生产采用了脱叶催熟技术，成熟情况相对较好，马克隆值级A级的比率接近45%、A+B级比率接近97%，但催熟对断裂比强度也产生了不利影响，很强档、强档的比率仅约10%;其次，机采棉的平均品级比手摘棉约低0.5-0.6级，主要是因为机采的籽棉杂质成分要多于手摘棉，加上加工进度与采摘速度尚不能合理匹配，籽棉采摘后长期存放、不能及时晾晒加工，回潮率通常超过10%，阴雨天气下最高接近20%，造成籽棉焐垛，使得棉花的色泽和内在质量受到影响;再次，为了清除杂质，皮棉清理的次数要多于手摘棉，而多次皮棉清理对棉纤维的损伤更大，因此机采棉的长度偏短、长度整齐度指数偏低，长度级加权平均长度仅约27.7毫米。

In addition, in the process of cotton picking, some techniques are not yet ripe. Unreasonable selection of planting varieties, improper defoliation and improper incorporation of plastic film fragments into cotton will also affect cotton quality.

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The four is the unified management of the Construction Corps, which protects the consistency of the internal quality of cotton.

Judging from the inspection results, the cotton production quality of the Corps has no outstanding quality advantages compared with the local cotton production in terms of the inherent quality of the cotton fiber. However, relying on the characteristics of the system and mechanism, the regiment adheres to the "four points" in the process of cotton picking and purchasing, and there are very few mixed mixed grades and foreign fibers. It implements a unified technology and management standard in the cotton processing link, and implements quality pricing, high quality and high price in the sales link, and protects the consistency of cotton quality, forming a special advantage that the local cotton production does not have.

Suggestion

In order to reduce the quality loss during the processing, prevent the man-made quality destruction in circulation, protect the stability and consistency of cotton quality, and improve the overall spinnability of cotton in China, the following suggestions are made for the above results and influencing factors.

1., we will further promote the reform of the cotton quality inspection system, and develop and expand the new cotton processing enterprises.

On the above achievements, we should further change the extensive and extensive mode of economic growth, develop in the direction of refinement, standardize enterprise management, enhance enterprise's quality competition consciousness, improve the quality management level of enterprises, and encourage cotton processing enterprises to take various forms.

Marketing and other departments linked to form a production, supply and marketing integrated cotton industry operation mode, in order to improve cotton spinnability as the goal, and promote the cotton processing industry in the economic efficiency of enterprises and the quality of national cotton in a stable and win-win direction of healthy development.

2., we should continue to improve the policy of purchasing and storing control and stabilize the order of circulation.

Practice has proved that the huff and puff regulation of national reserves can effectively alleviate the cyclical problems caused by price fluctuation of supply and demand, and play a role of stabilizing production and ensuring supply. The temporary storage and purchase policy this year ensures that domestic cotton market runs smoothly under the condition of large fluctuations in international cotton prices.

Drawing on past work experience, improving the regulation of purchasing and storage, normalizing temporary storage and storage measures, establishing and improving cotton temporary storage and storage system, making reasonable and timely announcement of the annual purchase and storage price of cotton, guiding cotton growers and cotton operators ahead of schedule in production and operation plans, will play a positive role in ensuring cotton production and supply and stabilizing the order of market circulation.

3., we should increase our efforts to promote cotton production through science and technology, stabilize cotton production and raise industrial level.

The gap between supply and demand of cotton in China has existed for a long time. Past experience shows that under the market situation where supply and demand gap is too large and resources are scarce, cotton operators often ignore the quality management by scramble for resources as the primary objective, thus causing an impact on the quality of cotton.

Therefore, to protect cotton quality, we need to continue to raise the level of scientific cotton planting, increase government input and policy support to cotton, and promote the application of economically efficient machine picked cotton technology to ensure the basic supply of domestic cotton.

4., continue to give full play to the role of cotton quality supervision and inspection to prevent market fluctuations from affecting the quality of cotton.

Under the current cotton industry chain's overall level, the cotton quality change is closely related to the trend of the market. Therefore, we should continue to strengthen the cotton quality supervision and inspection, actively implement the classification supervision and management of cotton processing enterprises, and urge cotton processing enterprises to implement various quality obligations and reduce the quality.

Fluctuations cause loss and destruction of cotton quality during processing and circulation; pay close attention to the quality of cotton market, strengthen risk analysis and hidden trouble investigation of cotton quality and safety; continue to strengthen supervision and inspection of key areas and key enterprises, prevent regional and systematic quality risks, prevent cotton spinnability from reducing, and ensure effective supply of domestic cotton.