Characteristics And Applicability Of All Kinds Of Fabrics -- Spandex Elastic Fabric

Spandex polyurethane

Spandex is the abbreviation of polyurethane fiber, it is an elastic fiber.

Spandex plates "spencex", is a kind of elastic fiber, the scientific name polyurethane fiber (Polyurethane), abbreviation (PU).

The Chinese mainland is called "spandex". It is highly elastic and can stretch 6~7 times. But with the disappearance of tension, it can quickly return to its original state. Its molecular structure is a chain like, soft and extensible carbamate, which is enhanced by connecting it with hard segments.

Elastic fibers can be classified into two categories: one is polyester chain, the other is polyether chain.

Polyester elastic fibers are more resistant to oxidation and oil. Polyether elastic fibers have better mildew resistance and better detergency.

brief introduction

Chemical fibers are those made of natural or synthetic polymers which are processed by chemical methods. They can be classified into two categories: synthetic fibers and synthetic fibers.

There are two kinds of man-made fibers, namely man-made cellulose fiber (such as viscose fiber, rich and strong fiber) and artificial protein fiber (such as soybean fiber, peanut fiber, etc.), and the camp of synthetic fiber is relatively large, including polyester fiber (polyester), polyamide fiber (nylon 6, nylon 66, etc.), polyacrylonitrile fiber (acrylic), polyvinyl formal fiber (Wei Guan), polypropylene fiber (polypropylene), polyvinyl chloride fiber (polyvinyl chloride), polyurethane fiber (spandex).

It contains more than 85% components of polycarbamate, and its commodity names are Lycra (Lycra, USA, UK, Holland, Canada, Brazil), neon Lun (Neolon, Japan), Dora Stan (Dorlastan, Germany) and so on.

There are two kinds of spandex, one is the aromatic diisocyanate and the polyester containing the hydroxyl group, the other is the aromatic diisocyanate and the polyether segmental mosaic copolymer containing hydroxyl group (the polyether spandex).

Spandex fiber and elastic polyolefin fiber and elastic composite fiber are collectively referred to as elastic fibers.

physical characteristics

Synthetic fibers with high elongation at break (400%), low modulus and high resilience.

Chinese name of multi block polyurethane fiber.

Also known as elastic fibers.

Spandex has high elongation (500% to 700%), low elastic modulus (200% elongation, 0.04 to 0.12 g / D) and high resilience (200% elongation, 95% to 99%).

In addition to higher strength, other physical and mechanical properties are very similar to natural latex fibers.

It is more resistant to chemical degradation than latex yarn, and has moderate thermal stability. The softening temperature is above 200 c.

Most dyes and finishing agents for synthetic fibers and natural fibers are also suitable for dyeing and finishing spandex.

Spandex is resistant to sweat, seawater and various dry cleaners and most sunscreen.

Long term exposure to sunlight or bleaching agents will also fade, but the degree of fading varies with the type of spandex.

Spandex fiber has such a high elasticity because its polymer chain is composed of low melting point, amorphous "soft" segment as the parent body and high melting point and crystal hard segment embedded in it.

A certain network structure is formed by cross-linking between the flexible chain chains. Due to the small interaction force between the molecular chains, they can be freely retractable, resulting in large elongation properties.

The molecular chains of rigid segments are relatively large, and the molecular chains are not stretched unlimitless, resulting in high resilience.

The cross-section of radon filament is mostly dog bone shaped (dog-bone-shaped), and some filament is smooth or jagged.

The breaking strength is the lowest in all textile fibers, only 0.44 ~ 0.88CN / dtex (polyether type strength is higher than polyester).

The moisture absorption range is small, generally 0.3-1.2% (hygroscopic rate is slightly higher than that of monofilament).

Heat resistance varies greatly depending on the varieties. Most fibers are stored in a short time at 90~150 C, the fibers will not be damaged, and the safe ironing temperature is below 150 degrees.

The dyeing properties are excellent, and can be dyed with various kinds of tint. The dye has strong affinity for fiber and can adapt to the dyes of most varieties. It has good chemical resistance, and is resistant to most acids, chemicals, organic solvents, dry cleaning agents and bleaching agents, as well as sun and wind and snow.

Spandex is not used alone, but rather mixed with fabric.

This kind of fiber has both rubber properties and fiber properties. Most of them are core spun yarns with spandex core spun yarn, called elastic core spun yarn. The main characteristics of this yarn are: first, good handle and appearance can be obtained; the outer fibers of natural fibers are good hygroscopicity; two, high quality elastic yarn can be produced by using 1-10% spandex filament; three, the elastic percentage control range is from 10% to 20%, and different elastic values can be selected according to the use of products.

It is easy to spin 25~2500 different thicknesses of silk, so it is widely used to make elastic knitted fabrics, such as stockings, furniture covers, ski suits, sportswear, medical fabrics, belts, Quartermaster Equipment, elastic parts of spacesuit, etc.

As people put forward new requirements for fabrics, such as light weight, comfortable clothing, soft texture and so on, the proportion of low count spandex fabric in synthetic fabrics is also increasing.

It is also used for twisting twisted yarn of spandex nude yarn and spandex and other fibers. It is mainly used in warp knitted, weft knitted fabrics, woven fabrics and elastic fabrics.